Neurodiversity is an approach to learning and disability that suggests that diverse neurological conditions appear as a result of normal variations in the human genome. This term originated in the late 1990s as a challenge to prevailing views by asserting that neurological differences should be recognized and respected as a social category on a par with gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, or disability status.
From: Diversity and Inclusion Resources, (2022). Neurodiversity. https://libguides.utm.edu/diversityresources/neurodiversity#:~:text=Neurodiversity%20is%20an%20approach%20to,variations%20in%20the%20human%20genome.
Disability
A person with disability is someone who:
From: WHO. (2022). Disability. https://www.who.int/health-topics/disability#tab=tab_1
Able-ism is a form of discrimination or prejudice against individuals with disabilities (mental, emotional, and/or physical). Able-ism maintains an assumption that people with physical and/or mental disabilities are not normal individuals. Examples of able-ism include inaccessible public buildings, inflexible height of tables and counters, unusable transportation systems, and segregated education.
From: Thompson, Sherwood. "Able-ism." In Encyclopedia of Diversity and Social Justice, edited by Sherwood Thompson. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2014.
Universal Design is the design and composition of an environment so that it can be accessed, understood, and used by all people, regardless of their age, size, ability, or disability. An environment (or any building, product, or service in that environment) should be designed to meet the needs of all people who wish to use it. Universal design constitutes the equitable access to spaces, objects, environments, and services.
From: CIO: Council Operations. (2018). Universal design - What is it? https://www.cio.gov/2017/12/20/universal-design.html
Ageism refers to two concepts: a socially constructed way of thinking about older persons based on negative attitudes and stereotypes about aging and a tendency to structure society based on an assumption that everyone is young, thereby failing to respond appropriately to the real needs of older persons.
From: WHO. (2021) Ageism is a global challenge: UN. https://www.who.int/news/item/18-03-2021-ageism-is-a-global-challenge-un
Related Terms: old age, middle age, senior, elderly, geriatric
Anti-Fat Bias is the belief that bodies should be thin and/or muscular to fit within commonly held standards of beauty, fitness, and health. Pervasive anti-fat biases have serious ramifications such as:
Body Positivity began as a political and cultural movement towards self-acceptance, self-love, and acknowledging the beauty present in a wide range of body shapes and sizes. Though originally connected to radical movements, over the past decades, corporations and influencers have largely co-opted the term and converted it into a marketing ploy that encourages consumption as a route to beauty and self-satisfaction.
Fat Activism/Liberation is a political movement that advocates for the rights and dignity of fat people.
From: Center for Diversity and Inclusion. (2022). Fat Liberation Self-Study Guide. University of Washington. https://students.wustl.edu/fat-liberation-self-study-guide/
Related Terms: Health at Every Size (HAES), plus-size, fat misogyny, fatphobic, fat wage gap
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